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The Manitoba Act ((フランス語:Loi sur le Manitoba)), originally titled An Act to amend and continue the Act 32-33 Victoria, chapter 3; and to establish and provide for the Government of the Province of Manitoba, is an act of the Parliament of Canada that is defined by the Constitution Act, 1982〔(''Constitution Act, 1982'', s. 52 ) and (Schedule, Item 2 ).〕 as forming a part of the Constitution of Canada. The act, which received the royal assent on May 12, 1870, created the province of Manitoba and continued in force ''An Act for the Temporary Government of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territories when united with Canada''〔''(An Act for the Temporary Government of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territories when united with Canada )'', S.C. 1869, c. 3.〕 upon the absorption of the British territories of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory into Canada on July 15, 1870. ==Background== The act was adopted by Parliament in response to the Métis' concerns of the provisional government led by Louis Riel. Riel was a major influence on the Manitoba Act since it was based on his list of rights. The Red River colony and its surroundings would become the province of Manitoba, which was a tiny area around the Red River Colony. Unlike other provinces, however, Manitoba would have its land and other resources initially controlled by Ottawa. In a victory for the Métis, the act guaranteed that they would receive title for the lands they already farmed and of farmland for the use of their children. The act also set aside land for the Métis, with each family receiving scrip, a certificate, saying they owned 96 hectares of land, amount to a total of about . In order to receive scrip for children living or deceased, proof of birth in Manitoba prior to 1871 was required, such as a baptismal or death certificate from the church or a letter from an employer such as the Hudson's Bay Company. The 1.4 million acres was not enough for the number of applications and the government gave money, the equivalent value of $1. per acre which was current land value at that time; for example the head of a household would receive $160. in lieu of a quarter section. As a result of the settlement, however, Macdonald convinced the British to send a military expedition to Manitoba, led by Colonel Wolseley. White settlers poured into the province, and the Métis were kept waiting for their land grants. Many Métis fled to Saskatchewan, and Louis Riel fled to the United States. The act contained religious and language rights, namely rights to denominational schools, to laws in both French and English, and to use either English or French in the Legislature of Manitoba and any courts established by either Canada or the Province.〔''Manitoba Act, 1870'', s. 23.〕 This has led to political controversy, however, including the Manitoba Schools Question in the nineteenth century, as denominational school rights were curtailed. The legislature also enacted English-only laws later found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case ''Reference re Manitoba Language Rights'' (1985). Under the act, Manitoba could send four members to the House of Commons in Ottawa and two members to the Senate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manitoba Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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